Curb Ramps

A curb ramp is a short ramp that cuts through or builds up to a curb. An accessible curb ramp is one that provides an accessible route for people with mobility impairments to safely transition from a curbed sidewalk to a roadway, or vice versa (ADA). Label every curb ramp regardless of whether there are problems.

If a corner has only one curb ramp and it is clearly facing just one side of the street (see left image below), then you should place both a curb ramp label and a missing curb ramp label on the appropriate sides of the corner. For example, in the left image below, you should place a Missing Curb Ramp label at the arrow because there is a crosswalk without a curb ramp and the existing curb ramp at this corner faces the other direction. You should rate this Missing Curb Ramp label as a severity ~3 (rather than, say a 5) because the pedestrian could use the curb ramp that does exist on the corner. However, it would moderately lead them into traffic due to its orientation. (ADA 406.6).

If one curb ramp is clearly meant for crossing both streets, as seen in the right image below, you should not place a Missing Curb Ramp label, but the severity of the curb is likely >1, depending on how much it would lead someone into traffic. (ADA 406.6).

A Street View image of a corner with only one curb ramp
A corner with only one curb ramp. This would get a severity rating ~3 because there is another curb ramp on that corner that could be used instead, though pedestrians are moderately led into traffic due to it’s orientation
A Street View image of a corner with only one curb ramp
A corner with only one curb ramp. The severity rating would be ~2, since pedestrians are minorly directed into traffic. If the visibile lanes were not parking lanes, the severity rating would be 3-4.

You should place a Curb Ramp label if there is a curb ramp, regardless if a sidewalk exists and regardless of the curb ramp's usefulness. In the left image below, the curb ramps could be useful for someone who wants to cross both streets, as they could safely cross one street, then safely wait on the space provided by the curb ramp before crossing the other street.

A Street View image of a corner curb where there is no sidewalk
A corner with two curb ramps with no sidewalk
A Street View image of a corner curb where there is no sidewalk
A corner with one curb ramp where there is no sidewalk, but could be used as a waiting space to cross both streets

If there is no sidewalk, you should not place a Missing Curb Ramp label. A curb ramp is not required in these situations since it is not part of a pedestrian route. You should not place a Missing Curb Ramp label even in cases where there are crosswalks but no sidewalk, as in the right image below (ADA 303.4).

A Street View image of a corner with no curb ramps and no sidewalk
A corner with no curb ramps and no sidewalk
A Street View image of a corner with no curb ramps and no sidewalk
A corner with no curb ramps and no sidewalk

If the driveway is not level with the sidewalk, meaning there is a steep slope, you should place a Surface Problem label rather than a Missing Curb Ramp label. We cover this in more detail in the Surface Problems Driveways section.

You should not label driveways with Curb Ramp labels or No Curb Ramp labels, because pedestrians are not meant to follow the driveway into the street.

A Street View image of a driveway with a curb ramp
A driveway with a curb ramp
A Street View image of a driveway with a curb ramp
A driveway is not level with the sidewalk

If the side street is not level with the sidewalk, you should place a Curb Ramp label or a Missing Curb Ramp label, since a curb ramp is required for the street to be passable (ADA 402.2).

If the side street is level with the sidewalk, you should not place a Curb Ramp label or a Missing Curb Ramp label, since the intersection is passable without a curb ramp (ADA 402.2).

A Street View image of a side street not level with the sidewalk
A side street that is not level with the sidewalk
A Street View image of a side street level with the sidewalk
A side street that is level with the sidewalk

You should place a Curb Ramp label or a Missing Curb Ramp label anywhere there is a crosswalk, as long there is a sidewalk is present. This implies that pedestrians are meant to cross here. Be sure not to mistake stop lines for crosswalks, as in the image on the right below (ADA 303.4).

A Street View image of a crosswalk connecting two curb ramps
A crosswalk that connects two curb ramps
A Street View image of a street with a stop line
A street with a stop line

If one side of the street has a curb ramp but the opposite side does not, you should place a Missing Curb Ramp label, since having one curb ramp implies that this is meant to be part of a pedestrian route. In most situations, this would get a severity of 5, but in the example below, there is an adjacent driveway that can be used in place of a curb ramp (ADA 303.4). So, the example would get a severity of 4.

A Street View image of a street where one side has a curb ramp but the opposite does not
A street where one side has a curb ramp but the opposite does not. This would get a severity of 4.

If the island would interfere with the crosswalk, you should place a Curb Ramp label or a Missing Curb Ramp label as in the image below (ADA 406.7).

If the island has a curb cut as in the middle image below, you should place a Curb Ramp label.

If the island does not interfere with the crosswalk, you should not place a Curb Ramp label or a Missing Curb Ramp label.

For islands that should have a curb ramp but do not, the severity of the problem depends on how far into traffic one would have to go to avoid the island.

A Street View image of an island that interferes with the crosswalk
An island that interferes with the crosswalk
A Street View image of an island that interferes with the crosswalk
An with island with cuts
A Street View image of an island that does not interfere with the crosswalk
An island that does not interfere with the crosswalk

You should place a Curb Ramp label only if there a curb ramp present, or you should place a Missing Curb Ramp label only if there is a curb ramp on the opposite side of the street.

You should not place a Missing Curb Ramp label if there is no curb ramp on either side of the street, as curb ramps are generally not expected here because it is not at an intersection (ADA 406.6).

A Street View image of an extension of a walkway to a house with no curb ramp
An extension of a walkway to a house with no curb ramp
A Street View image of an extension of a walkway to a house with no curb ramp
An extension of a walkway to a house with no curb ramp

If a curb ramp does not have a tactile warning, then it should have a severity >1. If missing a tactile warning is the only problem with a ramp, then the severity would just be 2 (ADA 705).

A Street View image of missing a tactile warning with severity 2.
A curb ramp with severity 2, because the missing tactile warning is the only problem
A Street View image of a curb ramp with a tactile warning
A curb ramp with a tactile warning. The severity is a 1 since there is a tactile warning and the curb ramp meets all other requirements.

If a curb ramp has surface problems, you should increase its severity rating, but you should not place a Surface Problem label. Sidewalk cracks and such in a curb ramp are one of the many factors that can make a curb ramp less passable, which should result in a higher curb ramp severity rating.

Severity ratings should be equivalent to how they are done for surface problems, described in the sections on Sidewalk cracks and Grass between sidewalk blocks.

A Street View image of a curb ramp with grass growing on an edge
A curb ramp with grass growing on an edge. This would receive a severity rating of 1.
A Street View image of a curb ramp with grass growing on all edges
A curb ramp with grass growing on all edges. This would receive a severity rating of 2.
A Street View image of a curb ramp with cracks and asphalt in the center
A curb ramp with cracks and asphalt in the center. This could destabilize a wheelchair user and would receive a severity rating of 5.

If a curb ramp appears narrow, then it should have severity >1 (the ADA requires a width of at least 3 ft - ADA 403.5.1). Since we have no measuring tools, use your best judgement.

A Street View image of a narrow curb ramp
A narrow curb ramp, which would get a severity of ~2.
A Street View image of a narrow curb ramp
A narrow curb ramp, which would get a severity of ~2.
A Street View image of a narrow curb ramp and missing a tactile warning
A narrow curb ramp that would get a severity of ~3 because it is a bit narrower than 3ft, is missing a tactile warning, and has steep flares.

If a curb ramp has a large amount of dead leaves or other debris on it, the severity should be >1 (FHWA Guide for Maintaining Pedestrian Facilities for Enhanced Safety 3.2.2), and you can add the "surface problem" tag. In general, this should not result in severity >3 if the debris is the only issue. Debris could cause slippery conditions or could slow down wheelchair users in extreme cases. You should not place a Surface Problem label along with the Curb Ramp label. You should only place Surface Problem labels on the sidewalk, not on curb ramps.

A Street View image of a curb ramp with light debris
A curb ramp with light debris. This would get a severity rating of 1.
A Street View image of a curb ramp with heavy debris
A curb ramp with heavy debris. This is an extreme case, so it would get a severity rating of 3.

If a curb ramp does not have enough landing space at the top of the ramp for making turns, the severity should be >1 (the ADA requires at least 3ft - ADA 406.4). In situations of insufficient landing space, severity also depends on presence and steepness of the angled sides of a ramp (called flares), so also consult the section on Steep flares.

A Street View image of a curb ramp with poor landing space
A curb ramp with poor landing space. This would get a severity of ~2, since there is not enough landing space, but the flares are not too steep.
A Street View image of a curb ramp with poor landing space
A curb ramp with poor landing space. This would get a severity of ~3, since they both have no landing space at all and the flared sides are not steep.
A Street View image of a curb ramp with poor landing space and with steep flares
This curb ramp has a severity of 4 as the steep flares in addition to poor landing space make these ramps inaccessible.

If a curb ramp has overly steep angled sides (called flares), severity should be between 1 and 3 if its flares are the only issue. Steep flares are particularly problematic when there is insufficient landing space at the top of the ramp, since wheelchair users may need to use the flares to make turns and could lose their balance. However, steep flares are not an issue when pedestrians are not meant to be using them anyway.

A Street View image of a narrow curb ramp with steep sides with no tactile warning
This has very steep sides, is far too narrow, and also is missing a tactile warning, so it would get a severity of ~3.
A Street View image of a curb ramp with insufficient landing space
This has insufficient landing space, but its flares are not steep, so the severity is only ~2.

If a curb ramp has a steep counter slope (the slope opposite to the end of a ramp), then its severity rating should be >1 (the ADA requires counter slopes to be at no more than a ~3 degree angle - ADA 406.2). You should only consider obvious cases of steep counter slopes, as we have no angle measurement tools.

If a curb ramp seems to have pooled water due to poor drainage, severity should be >1 (ADA 405.10). If pooled water is the only issue, the severity should not be 5, since water typically pools only after rainfall.

A Street View image of a curb ramp with pooled water
This should get a rating of ~2 because there is a small amount of pooled water at the bottom of the curb ramp.
A Street View image of a curb ramp with pooled water
This should get a rating of ~4 because it is a particularly bad case with no way to get off the curb without going through the pooled water.